hamilcar barca was black

[60], According to another line of thought,[61] Hamilcars army marched in three separate columns, with the war elephants placed nearest the rebel army. Several office buildings, overlooking the harbor waters. Hanno and Hamilcar unleashed reprisals against the Numidian tribes that had sided with the rebels,[70] and the generals probably extended Carthaginian territory in Africa at the same time. Neither side would seek to recruit soldiers, levy tribute or build public buildings on the other power's territories. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. Hasdrubal defeated the rebels, killing 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia. He is of average height for a gladiator, has tawny skin, and well-trimmed black hair with a small beard. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. Roman occupation of Sardinia, and then Corsica, indicated the untrustworthiness of Romans and their willingness to meddle when they saw fit regardless of treaties between the powers. Autaritus announced that he would do the same with all Punic prisoners that fell into rebel hands in future. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. He then landed on the north coast of Sicily, seizing Mt. The cavalry and light infantry were in the middle, while the heavy infantry was posted furthest from the rebel army.[61]. She apparently was from Lisbon. Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. Hannibal Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal Barcar was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily, they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in northern Africa. In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was . At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. 270 a.C. - 228 a.C.) foi um estadista e general cartagins responsvel pela conquista da Hispnia por Cartago. Hamilcar next moved to confront the army of Matho at Tunis. Hamilcar spent nine years in Spain. 18 Jan 2023. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. Home Team History on Should Black Me. Spendius and Matho were joined by a force commanded by a Libyan chief named Zarzas, and the 50,000 strong army under Spendius moved away from Carthage. [122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. In the same year, both Hippacra and Utica joined the rebels. Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. [16] As a result, Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn; Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower,[12][13] so by 242 BC, Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.[17]. After the establishment of Akra Leuke, Hamilcar began to move northwest but no records of his campaigns exist. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. This page was last edited on 26 October 2022, at 21:30. [17] During one of the raids, when troops under a subordinate commander named Bodostor engaged in plunder against the orders of Hamilcar and suffered severe casualties when the Romans caught up to them, Hamilcar requested a truce to bury his dead. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. Carthage faced a joint rebellion of mercenary troops, understandably upset at not having been paid for their efforts in the first Punic War, Libyan groups seizing the opportunity of a weakened Carthage to rebel, and several cities looking for independence such as Tunis and Utica. License. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. The Carthaginians will evacuate all Sicily. One of coins found in Italy, near the battle site of Lake Trasimene where Hannibals Carthaginian Army defeated the Romans, shows an African man on one side with the characteristic strong African features such as curly hair, thick lips, and full nose; on the coins opposite side shows an elephant. Hamilcar had split his forces in the winter of 228 BC, Hasdrubal the Fair was sent on a separate campaign, while Hamilcar besieged an Iberian town, then sent the bulk of his troops to winter quarters at Akra Leuke. America's Black dilemma Commercial Artist, Barber, Sign Language Interpreter, Blind Mobility Aide. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Cartwright, Mark. Geiger Richrd - grg npek Hamilkr karthgi kirly az oltrnl megli magt.jpg 690 1,027; 177 KB. Boston Harbor. Hamilcar Capital is currently advising its consortium of selected investors in transactions across various sectors such as construction, logistics, agro business, leisure & tourism, real estate and infrastructure spread throughout Botswana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya. Little is known about the origins or history of the Barca family prior to the Punic Wars. However, We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. i. hamilcar the carthaginian, the son of hannibal, and surnamed barcas, began in the first punic war, but towards the end of it, to hold the command of the army in sicily; and though, before his coming, the efforts of the carthaginians were unsuccessful both by sea and land, he, after he arrived, never gave way to the enemy,226 or afforded them He was the father of Hannibal Barca who continued his father's tactics and won major land battles in Italy during the Second Punic War. The subsequent Mercenary War showed that Carthage was capable of further military effort. J.-C.) tait un gnral carthaginois actif lors de la premire guerre punique (264-241 av. Castellacio, 7 miles north-west of Palermo),[26] and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried on with his seaborne raids ranging from Catana[27] in Sicily to as far as Cumae in central Italy. Hamilcar crucified Spendius and other rebel hostages outside Tunis to terrorize Matho, but this backfired when the rebels were able to surprise and defeat Hannibal's army due to their lax discipline. This army was small for leading a sortie against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle. Carthage had beaten a Roman army in Africa, but Rome seemed able to replace their naval fleets at will. Suggesting that the old coin depicts Hannibal simply because the back depicts and elephant seems like wishful thinking. Hamilcar and the Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian political and military arenas for the next 35 years. A growing number of professional military historians believe that Hannibal Barca was a dark skin ethnically mixed Numidian warrior. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. The rebels requested Rome to take over Sardinia, which was turned down. The carbon dating of the coin is 217 BCE. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 01 June 2016. 2 Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land, and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded . Hamilcar had been undefeated and was forced to make peace. Through brilliant maneuvering, Hamilcar inflicted a heavy defeat on the rebel forces, leading to the killing of 8,000 mercenaries and the capturing of 2,000 men. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. As a primarily mounted general in Evony, Hamilcar Barca has mounted buffs of 20% in total when all specialties are maxed out. As this was in line with the goal of the "Peace Party" of Hanno the Great, probably no serious opposition was offered. [5] Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. As Carthage no longer had the resources for a large army, he could not face the enemy in an all-out battle, but he did manage to capture Eryx in 244 BCE, which became his new base. Hamilcar Barca. The coins do not resemble each other. 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk, 70 captured and 10,000 prisoners taken. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. His grandson, Hanno, was an important commander in the army of his son Hannibal. Legend suggests that before he embarked upon the Spanish campaign, Hannibals father (Hamilcar Barca) required the nine year old Hannibal to pledge his ever-lasting hatred of Rome. [89] Hasdrubal the Fair and Hannibal, then a child of nine, accompanied Hamilcar; it is not known who led Hamilcar's supporters in Carthage in the absence of Hamilcar and Hasdrubal. He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. In the process, Hamilcar created a professional army of Iberians, Africans, Numidians and other mercenaries that Hasdrubal the Fair would inherit and Hannibal would later lead across the Alps to immortality. Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. 275-228 BC. History Themes. Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. Carthage would pay 2,200 silver talents in 10 year installments, and 1,000 talents immediately; a total of 3,200 talents as war reparations. He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Father of Hannibal. Web. Sicily. The Carthaginian government then raised an army of 10,000 soldiers and 70 elephants and put Hamilcar Barca in command. The relations between Carthage and the Iberian Peninsula have mainly been viewed from the perspective of military domination. vol. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. In various forms, the name . Without a significant fleet and having lost their strategically important fortresses in Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, the Carthaginians, though, had to look elsewhere for a source of money to fund their armies. Hamilcar Barca ( c. 270 -228 BC) served as a Carthaginian general during and after the First Punic War. ; mortuus anno 228 a.C.n. The political clout of the incumbent leaders was probably weakened by the defeat in the First Punic War, their mismanagement of the Mercenary troops and finally the Sardinia Affair. The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between Carthage Hannibal (also known as Hannibal Barca, l. 247-183 BCE) was a Carthaginian Carthaginian warfare has been overshadowed by defeat to Rome in Punic Wars by Bagnall, Nigel [Hardcover ], Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. However, if Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed in his strategy. RM G15JXK - Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca (247-183/182 BC) was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas ( c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Rebel leaders feared mass desertions might result because of Hamilcar's policy towards prisoners. [41] Lutatius did not press the issue further, and the Carthaginian soldiers were later allowed to leave Sicily under arms with their honor intact,[42] and without any token of submission a rare gesture granted by the Romans to a defeated enemy. Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. Hamilcar Barca (ca. Worst personality award: Nero/Caligula Worst influence award: Honorius (Reasons already stated, I pretty much agree) He doomed the other half though. These "Fabian tactics" continued until Hamilcar encamped in a valley, probably near Nepheris, and the rebels trapped his army, with the Libyans blocking the exit, Spendius and his troops camping near the Punic army and the Numidians covering Hamilcar's rear. Amazons Who Were the Ancient Female Warriors? By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. [86] Hamilcar's political clout in Carthage may have been enough to stifle any opposition in Carthage against his Iberian venture,[87] or he did face stiff opposition and had used the booty from his Iberian campaigns to buy his way out. [118] Despite the similarities between the name of the Barcid family and that of the modern city, it is usually accepted that the origin of the name "Barcelona" is the Iberian Barkeno.[119]. [75] The Mercantile Class, whose interests were hurt by the war, and would be marginalized by the abandonment of overseas operations, also supported this faction. [33] Hamilcar managed to inflict severe casualties on the Romans soon after, and when the Roman consul requested a truce to bury his dead, Hamilcar replied that his quarrel was with the living only and the dead had already settled their dues, and granted the truce.[34]. The expelled mercenaries took refuge in Italy and again requested Rome to take over Sardinia. Hamilcar, upon taking command in the summer of 247 BC,[21] punished the rebellious mercenaries (who had revolted because of overdue payments) by murdering some of them at night and drowning the rest at sea,[22] and dismissing many to different parts of northern Africa. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. No. #1. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. Gisco sensibly sent the troops to Carthage in small groups with intervals in between[49] so the government could pay them off without trouble. Hanno marshaled his soldiers, but twice failed to engage the rebels under favorable conditions and twice failed to surprise them on other occasions. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. Hamilcar's faction gained enough clout, if not supreme power in Carthage, for Hamilcar to implement his next agenda. Roman deserters may have been surrendered on a later date. Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona. See also Hamilcar Barca on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica disclaimer . [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. 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