[77] Holden-Reid also concluded that Sherman "might have been as unseasoned as the men he commanded, but he had not fallen prey to the nave illusions nursed by so many on the field of First Bull Run. Sherman was re-baptized as a Catholic, but Maria's husband, Senator Thomas Ewing, insisted that the young Sherman not be compelled to practice Catholicism. At the White House, Sherman met with Abraham Lincoln a few days after his inauguration as president of the United States. [29] During that voyage, Sherman grew close to Ord and especially to the intellectually distinguished Halleck. [225] To escape from these difficulties, Sherman moved his headquarters to St. Louis in 1874. [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. [199], Like Grant and Lincoln, Sherman was convinced that the Confederacy's strategic, economic, and psychological ability to wage further war needed to be crushed if the fighting were to end. William Tecumseh Sherman (1854-1863) 2. [186][187] In 1888, near the end of his life, Sherman published an essay in the North American Review defending the full civil rights of black citizens in the former Confederacy. [106], The failure of the first phase of the campaign against Vicksburg led Grant to formulate an unorthodox new strategy, which called for the invading Union army to separate from its supply train and subsist by foraging. In October, Sherman succeeded Anderson in command of that department. In early 1858, he returned to California to finalize the bank's outstanding accounts there. Sherman's success in Georgia received ample coverage in the Northern press at a time when Grant seemed to be making little progress in his fight against Confederate general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. In 1850 Sherman married one of the Ewing daughters, Ellen. Death: January 04, 1924 (68) Immediate Family: Son of Preserve B Sherman and Emily Lacow. I am not and cannot be. The Sherman's were well educated and highly cultured by Lancaster standards at this time. Sherman was distantly related to US founding father Roger Sherman. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. [119][120] Sherman's army captured the city of Meridian on February 14 and proceeded to destroy 105 miles of railroad and 61 bridges, while burning at least 10 locomotives and 28 railcars. Beginning with the battle at First Bull Run, Virginia (July 1861), he led troops through Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Atlanta, the March to the Sea (November & December 1864), and Columbia, South Carolina. William Tecumseh Sherman was a Union general during the Civil War, playing a crucial role in the victory over the Confederate States and becoming one of the most famous military leaders in U.S.. William Tecumseh Sherman described the San Francisco banking panic in his memoirs. He married Maud Colby Bates on 7 October 1913. This message was put on a vessel on December 22, passed on by telegram from Fort Monroe, Virginia, and apparently received by Lincoln on Christmas Day itself. McPherson. [298] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[299] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[300] John F. Marszalek,[301] and Brian Holden-Reid[302] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. [127] In July, the cautious Johnston was replaced by the more aggressive John Bell Hood, who played to Sherman's strength by challenging him to direct battles on open ground. [291] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[292] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. [109] During the long and complicated maneuvers against Vicksburg, one newspaper complained that the "army was being ruined in mud-turtle expeditions, under the leadership of a drunkard [Grant], whose confidential adviser [Sherman] was a lunatic". [163], Grant then offered Johnston purely military terms, similar to those that he had negotiated with Lee at Appomattox. William Tecumseh Sherman. Still, if he muffed his Vicksburg assignment, which had begun unfavorably, he would rise no higher. [55], In 1859, Sherman accepted a job as the first superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy in Pineville, Louisiana, a position he sought at the suggestion of Major Don Carlos Buell and obtained through the support of General George Mason Graham. [177] Some abolitionists accused Sherman of doing too little to alleviate the precarious living conditions of these refugees, motivating Secretary of War Stanton to travel to Georgia in January 1865 to investigate the situation. Sherman expressed grave concerns about the North's poor state of preparedness for the looming civil war, but he found Lincoln unresponsive. American historian Wesley Moody has argued that these commentators tended to filter Sherman's actions and his hard-war strategy through their own ideas about modern warfare, thereby contributing to the exaggeration of his "atrocities" and unintentionally feeding into the negative assessment of Sherman's moral character associated with the "Lost Cause" school of Southern historiography. Republican Governor Daniel Henry Chamberlain appealed to President Grant for military assistance. [209] Consuming supplies, wrecking infrastructure, and undermining morale were Sherman's stated goals, and several of his Southern contemporaries noted this and commented on it. [231], Sherman regarded the expansion of the railroad system "as the most important element now in progress to facilitate the military interests of our Frontier". Through much of the War, he was General Grant's most trusted subordinate. Supplemental Report Of The Joint Committee On The Conduct Of The War: In Two Volumes ; Supplemental To Senate Report No. [195] Liddell Hart also declared that the study of Sherman's campaigns had contributed significantly to his own "theory of strategy and tactics in mechanized warfare", and claimed that this had in turn influenced Heinz Guderian's doctrine of Blitzkrieg and Rommel's use of tanks during the Second World War. The family tree for General William Tecumseh Sherman should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Sherman commanded the division on the extreme right of the Union's right wing (under George Henry Thomas). [241], Sherman's early tenure as Commanding General was marred by political difficulties, many of which stemmed from disagreements with Secretary of War Rawlins and his successor, William W. Belknap, both of whom Sherman felt had assumed too much power over the army and reduced the position of Commanding General to a sinecure. In 1864, she took up temporary residence in South Bend, Indiana in order to have her young family educated at the University of Notre Dame and St. Mary's College, both Catholic institutions. "[275] In letters written in 1865 to Thomas, his eldest surviving son, General Sherman said "I don't want you to be a soldier or a priest, but a good useful man",[276] and complained that Thomas's mother Ellen "thinks religion is so important that everything else must give way to it". [161] The U.S. Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, leaked Sherman's memorandum to The New York Times, intimating that Sherman might have been bribed to allow Davis to escape capture by the Union troops. "[125], Sherman proceeded to invade the state of Georgia with three armies: the 60,000-strong Army of the Cumberland under Thomas, the 25,000-strong Army of the Tennessee under James B. McPherson, and the 13,000-strong Army of the Ohio under John M. Maria Ewing Sherman (1851-1913) 2. Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Sherman's given names 1.2 Military training and service 1.3 Marriage and business career 1.4 Military college superintendent 1.5 St. Louis interlude 2 Civil War service 2.1 First commissions and Bull Run 2.2 Kentucky and breakdown 2.3 Shiloh 2.4 Vicksburg 2.5 Chattanooga 2.6 Atlanta 2.7 March to the Sea Sherman accepted the surrender of all the Confederate armies in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in April 1865, but the terms that he negotiated were considered too generous by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, who ordered General Grant to modify them. [47] He suffered from asthma attacks, which he attributed in part to stress caused by the city's aggressive business culture. In his memoirs he noted that "it was a great pity to remove the Seminoles at all," as Florida "was the Indian's paradise" and still had (at the time that Sherman wrote his memoirs in the 1870s) "a population less than should make a good State. His father, Charles Robert Sherman, a lawyer who was a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court,[11] died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1829. [155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. Sherman survived two shipwrecks and floated through the Golden Gate on the overturned hull of a foundering lumber schooner. [286] At the same time, he was generally respected in the South as a military man, while his conservative politics were attractive to many white Southerners. In his Memoirs, Sherman commented on the political pressures of 18641865 to encourage the escape of slaves, in part to avoid the possibility that "able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the rebels". He voiced this view in remarks to a joint session of the Texas legislature in 1875, although the U.S. Army under Sherman's command never conducted its own program of bison extermination. This appears to have been a consequence of the animosity felt by Union soldiers and officers for the state that they regarded as the "cockpit of secession". Louis. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) 2. This made Sherman senior in rank to Ulysses S. Grant, his future commander. Sherman appointed Brig. [164] Sherman proceeded with some of his troops to Washington, where they marched in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 24, 1865. , CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. [152] Thereafter, his troops did relatively little damage to the civilian infrastructure. He led the capture of the strategic city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln. He was the son of lawyer Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt both originally of Norwalk, CT. . In March, Halleck's command was redesignated the Department of the Mississippi and enlarged to unify command in the West. This strategy has been characterized by some military historians as an early form of total war, although the appropriateness of that term has been questioned by many scholars. Afterwards the rank of Commander, Military Division of the Mississippi, 1864-1866; Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1866-1869. At the insistence of Johnston, Confederate president Jefferson Davis, and Confederate Secretary of War John C. Breckinridge, Sherman conditionally agreed to generous terms that dealt with both military and political issues. [84] In his private correspondence, Sherman later wrote that the concerns of command "broke me down" and admitted to having contemplated suicide. Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Rainn Wilson TV and Movie Actor 6th cousin 6 times removed via Matthew Marvin [In his Memoirs] the vigorous account of his pre-war activities and his conduct of his military operations is varied in just the right proportion and to just the right degree of vivacity with anecdotes and personal experiences. He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always. Eleanor Mary Sherman (1859-1915) 2. When he attempted to attack the main spine at Tunnel Hill, his troops were repeatedly repelled by Patrick Cleburne's heavy division, the best unit in Bragg's army. Father and son, however, were reconciled when Thomas returned to the United States in August 1880, after having travelled to England for his religious instruction. After the Civil . On November 25, Sherman took his assigned target of Billy Goat Hill at the north end of the ridge, only to find that it was separated from the main spine by a rock-strewn ravine. Sherman then succeeded Grant at the head of the Army of the Tennessee. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. Eventually, Sherman won approval from his superiors for a plan to cut loose from his communications and march south, having advised Grant that he could "make Georgia howl". Genealogy for William Tecumseh Sherman (c.1866 - 1867) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. [287] By the 1880s, however, Southern "Lost Cause" writers began to demonize Sherman for his attacks on civilians in Georgia and South Carolina. Before the Civil War, however, the more conservative William T. had expressed some sympathy for the white Southerners' defense of their traditional agrarian system, including the institution of slavery. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". William T. Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on Feb. 8, 1820. Fires began that night and by next morning most of the central city was destroyed. [100], In December, Sherman's forces suffered a severe repulse at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, just north of Vicksburg. Sherman wrote both to his brother, Senator John Sherman, and to General Grant vehemently repudiating any such promotion. It was a bitterly cold day and a friend of Johnston, fearing that the general might become ill, asked him to put on his hat. [267], On February 19, a funeral service was held at his home, followed by a military procession. [245], In 1875, ten years after the end of the Civil War, Sherman became one of the first Civil War generals to publish his memoirs. [26], Upon graduation in 1840, Sherman entered the army as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. "[64], Sherman departed Louisiana and traveled to Washington, D.C., possibly in the hope of securing a position in the U.S. Army. Liddell Hart's claims for his own influence on the German doctrine of, Sherman wrote in a letter to Halleck, dated December 24, 1864, "that we are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war, as well as their organized armies.". For other uses, see. 100% Safe Payment. This letter was to James E. Yeatman, May 21, 1865, and is excerpted more extensively (and with slight variations) in Bowman and Irwin. The Life of William Tecumseh. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 21 August 1874, in St Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, his father, Daniel M Sherman, was 55 and his mother, Mary Ann Post, was 24. Holden-Reid, for instance, argued that "the concept of 'total war' is deeply flawed, an imprecise label that at best describes the two world wars but is of dubious relevance to the U.S. Civil War."[203]. Sherman served in the army in St. Louis and then in New Orleans from 1850-1852, often lonely for his departed wife and first born daughter. [74] It was one of the four brigades in the division commanded by General Daniel Tyler, which was in turn one of the five divisions in the Army of Northeastern Virginia under General Irvin McDowell (see First Bull Run Union order of battle). [87] Operating from Paducah, Kentucky, he provided logistical support for the operations of Grant to capture Fort Donelson in February 1862. [225] Sherman also clashed with Eastern humanitarians who were critical of the army's harsh treatment of the Indians and who had apparently found an ally in President Grant. [101] Sherman's operations were supposed to be coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction. He dealt in a friendly and unaffected way with the black people that he met during his career. Unbeknownst to Sherman, Grant abandoned his advance, and Sherman's river expedition met more resistance than expected. According to Sherman's biographer Robert O'Connell, "Shiloh marked the turning point of his life. National Archives. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. Thomas Ewing Sherman (1856-1933) 2. [175] According to Sherman, My aim then was to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us. As a man, Sherman was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness. Sherman proved instrumental to mounting the successful Union counterattack of the following day, April 7, 1862. [294] More recently, historians such as Brian Holden-Reid have challenged such readings of Sherman's record and of his contributions to modern warfare. Copies of Letters of William Tecumseh Sherman in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc. [108] The bulk of Grant's forces were now organized into three corps: the XIII Corps under McClernand, the XV Corps under Sherman, and the XVII Corps under Sherman's young protg, Maj. Gen. James B. Boyd later recalled witnessing that, when news of South Carolina's secession from the United States reached them at the Seminary, "Sherman burst out crying, and began, in his nervous way, pacing the floor and deprecating the step which he feared might bring destruction on the whole country. Therefore, he believed that the North had to conduct its campaign as a war of conquest, employing scorched earth tactics to break the backbone of the rebellion. His son, Thomas Ewing Sherman, who was a Jesuit priest, presided over his father's funeral masses in New York City and in St. We live through his campaigns in the company of Sherman himself. After Sherman's departure the spokesman for the black leaders, Baptist minister Garrison Frazier,[181][182] declared in response to Stanton's inquiry about the feelings of the black community: We looked upon General Sherman prior to his arrival as a man in the providence of God specially set apart to accomplish this work, and we unanimously feel inexpressible gratitude to him, looking upon him as a man that should be honored for the faithful performance of his duty. Senator John Sherman (his younger brother and a political ally of President Lincoln) and other connections in Washington helped him to obtain a commission. Despite his harsh treatment of the warring tribes, Sherman spoke out against speculators and government agents who abused the Native Americans living within the reservations. "[88][89], After Grant captured Fort Donelson, Sherman got his wish to serve under Grant when he was assigned on March 1, 1862, to the Army of West Tennessee as commander of the 5th Division. This was a new regiment yet to be raised. [35][36] Sherman unwittingly helped to launch the California Gold Rush by drafting the official documents in which Governor Mason confirmed that gold had been discovered in the region. [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. [83] While he was at home, his wife Ellen wrote to his brother, Senator John Sherman, seeking advice and complaining of "that melancholy insanity to which your family is subject". [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. In early November, Sherman asked to be relieved of his command. 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