Maximum 300 characters, T4001, Employers' Guide Payroll Deductions and Remittances, Automobile Benefits Online Calculator (ABOC). for Quebec dip below the national average. Taxes Included in This Canadian Salary Calculator. This table shows the monthly All-Items Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) and annual inflation rates for Canada in 2022. For the 2023 taxation year, you are now able to input the number of pensionable months for the Canada/Quebec Pension Plan contribution calculation. According to The last paycheck you received should be calculated based on the inflation rate, which would be in percentages, considering the inflation rate of 3%. Payroll Deductions Online Calculator Use the Payroll Deductions Online Calculator (PDOC) to calculate federal, provincial (except for Quebec), and territorial payroll deductions. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. per week. Salary estimates based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in Ontario, Canada. The Inflation Calculator uses monthly consumer price index data from 1914 to the present to show changes in the cost of a fixed "basket" of consumer purchases. 90.81% while your wage has increased by 0%, giving you an Press the Calculate button and $37,426.09 is displayed in the Dollar Value field. We have developed a tool that can help you with this matter, so let's get straight to the statement and see the formula for the salary inflation calculator tool, and then we will tell you some examples you have to know about. Consider, for example, a comparison of100$ for year 1= 2016 128.4, and year 2 = 2010 at 116.5. For example, suppose you're trying to negotiate a new salary. In short, businesses are spending more on employee pay, payroll taxes, benefits, and any additional employee earnings. If you're curious about inflation and its real-world impact, the Wage Inflation Calculator is an eye-opener. In other words, the tool does it all, and there is no need for you to do anything. Amount 1 * (1 - (Inflation rate / 100) = Amount worths for year 2. The average calculator gross salary in Ontario, Canada is $43,983 or an equivalent hourly rate of $21. Finding the Inflation Rate. Monthly calculations of the current year are based on the latest CPI level, whereas previous years use their calendar year averages. This gives you your hourly wage. Heads Up: The Fed continues to raise rates up 3% this year making credit card debt even costlier. Future amount ($): 20000. It is worth noting that the cost of living in different parts of Canada varies significantly. It's not the lending institution's fault that expertly designed sales presentations entice us into buying on credit (instant gratification), instead of saving up to pay cash for our purchases. Salary estimates based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in Canada. How to Calculate Salary Increase Based on Inflation The following are the steps to calculate a wage increase based on inflation. For ease of use, our Canadian salary calculator has to make a few assumptions. Check out 35 similar tax and salary calculators , How to use the salary inflation calculator. As mentioned in the T4032/T4008 Guide Section A, use the Payroll Deductions Online Calculator (PDOC) for the following situations: PDOC uses exact salary figures and accordingly calculates the deductions provided by the CPP additional contribution for all scenarios. In that case, an inflation calculator can help you determine the actual value of the wage and help you beat inflation. Canada Inflation Calculator $100 in 1920 2023 CAD inflation rate in 2023 Canadian future inflation calculator The Canadian dollar has lost 96% its value since 1915 Updated: December 13, 2022 $100 in 1915 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $2,467.68 today, an increase of $2,367.68 over 108 years. Salary Inflation Calculator Current Salary: $ Rate of Inflation: % (Choose an appropriate inflation rate. On the other end, a senior level calculator (8+ years of experience) earns an average salary of $51,626. Ottawa, Ontario K1G 0Z7 Tel: (613) 237-1590 Fax: (613) 237-5508 Toll free: (844)237-1590. 100 = 0.02). Diffrence in cost Determine the price of the same product at the end year. The amount in this field is based on US dollars. If you are living in The average inflation rate is a measure of how much value the currency has lost in a given year. The inflation rate for consumer prices in Vietnam moved over the past 25 years between -1.7% and 23.1%. Customize the salary calculator by including or excluding unpaid time, such as vacation hours or holidays. $17,258. Inflation rate of 2%. Tax rates are a function of how much you earn and where. relative to Gold. Learn more about our ongoing work on digital currencies. To calculate the effects of inflation on investments and savings, see the Investment Calculator. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Detailed monthly CPI data (and much else) are provided by Statistics Canada for free and are available through their website. Enter the years you wish to compare between 1914 and the current year. In simple terms, you can compare what you earn against your parents, grandparents and so on. That's it. When your salary grows at a higher rate than inflation, you gain money in real terms. According to 2022 figures , the average (mean) salary in Canada is $69,861 per year, or $5,822 per month, for full-time employees. As a first step, to see what is the inflation-adjusted salary that exactly keeps up with the inflation rate, you can use the following formula: Inflation adjusted salary = $3,000 (1 + 0.022) = $3,066. When tax time comes, you can send in your return by using any CRA-approved software, a tax representative, or complete a manual file Pay a visit to your local lending institution (usually recognizable by being one of the nicest buildings in town). The application is set totwelve (12) months by default; although, it is recommended to consult the. Find Bank of Canada publications by keyword, author, content type, JEL code, topic or publication date. or Also note that some calculators will reformat to accommodate the screen size as you make the calculator wider or narrower. Inflation rate. $52,603 This section has two choices that you can select from: the United States (US) and the next one is the other, which is for the rest of the nations. In simple terms, you can compare what you earn against your parents, grandparents and so on. If you invest your money, you can protect against the loss of value which affects your currency. Overall, the price increase was 327.93%. The information provided on this site is intended for informational purposes only.Please consult a qualified specialist such as an accountant or tax advisor for any major financial decisions. How to Use Our Wage Inflation Calculator Our inflation calculator is fast and easy to use. Cost of Living in London: The Ultimate Guide. Number of years: 5. An entry level calculator (1-3 years of experience) earns an average salary of $32,737. All Rights Reserved. The average annual inflation rate between these periods was 7.57%. PSAC is headquartered in Ottawa . per month, the total amount of taxes and contributions that will be deducted from your salary is View the full report to see a year-by-year break down of your . Considering the example above, we would have: There are two sections that we havent talked about: This section will show you the last salary that you would receive. Teachers marched in Zulia and Lara. Add or remove this page to/from my favorites. These forecasts are provided to Governing Council in preparation for monetary policy decisions. While CPI is a good measure of inflation for certain living costs, it does not consider the cost of various other assets that can increase in value more than consumer prices. Manage Settings Nationally, the average salary in Canada in 2018 for full and part-time workers over the age of 15 years old was $26.92 per hour. To limit the risks you take when using PDOC, we recommend that you do the following: Clear your Internet browser cache and close the browser after you complete your calculations. This section is directly connected to the next section you fill in; let's see how. An official statement of earnings must have certain information that the calculator does not include. CPI. adjusted increase in purchasing power of 0% A salary that may be considered good in one part of the country may not be sufficient to maintain a similar standard of living in Let us help you make an informed decision about what it will cost to live and work in the city of your dreams! The US Salary Inflation Calculator provides a method to calculate what your annual salary needs to be to keep pace with inflation. The federal minimum wage in Canada is $15.55, which translates to a yearly salary of $32,344 if we assume the standard 40-hour work So do I think lending institutions are evil? Gold is a metal that has been mined for thousands of years. relative to Bitcoin. What or who is eating away at your buying power? The Salary Calculator converts salary amounts to their corresponding values based on payment frequency. If the calculator is narrow, columns of entry rows will be converted to a vertical entry form, whereas a wider calculator will display columns of entry rows, and the entry fields will be smaller in size since they will not need to be "thumb friendly". per year, See the short list of portrait candidates for the next $5 bank note. Please select a province to access specific 2023 salary calculators (including Provincial and Federal tax calculations) for the 2023/24 Tax Year. The salary calculator converts your salary to equivalent pay frequencies, including hourly, daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, semi-monthly, quarterly and yearly. TD1 Personal Tax Credits Return. rate). Calculate your salary with an inflation adjustment. Just tell us your current city and the city you'd like to compare it to and the calculator will show a side by side comparison. The Public Service Alliance of Canada represents more than 230,000 workers in every province and territory in Canada and in locations around the world. Then you should observe the adjusted salary percentage and change the last salary until the portion in front of the number is precisely zero. In this section, you must enter the last salary you have received from your job and ensure the number you put in is accurate to the last bit of dollars or even cents if needed. This reality tends to advantage employees in terms of real spending during low-inflation years (such as 2001 or 2020) and work against them during high-inflation years (such as 1979 or 2022). Inflation rate (%): 4.5. That's all they do! CUPE | 1375 St. Laurent Blvd. The salary inflation calculator allows you to enter your annual income, select a specific year and calculate the relevant value in today's terms so that you can understand how the value of your income has changed over the years because of inflation. In the above example, the value is +134, which is good news as it means that you have a gain: your earnings in November 2018 are worth $134 more. This means that half of workers earn more and half earn less. Our salary calculator is here to help you. The results shown are based on the most recent month for which the CPI data are available. This means that 100 rand in 1958 are equivalent to 9,925.96 rand in 2021. Canada, and earning a gross annual salary of Examples of payment frequencies include biweekly, semi-monthly, or monthly payments. While inflation has come off its peak, it remains too high. We created this calculator to help you track your wage against inflation over time. -Dan. $100 + $10 = $110. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Economists often use the consumer price index (CPI) to measure the inflation rate however, this measure is often criticized as it does not account for changes in the quality or quantity of goods and services. This is why many experts recommend looking at asset inflation in addition to CPI to get a better idea of your purchasing power. Salary Amount. The inflation rate in South Africa between 1958 and 2021 was 9,825.96%, which translates into a total increase of R9,825.96. Since 2012, CPI has increased by What is considered a "good" salary can vary depending on location, job title, and lifestyle. First, find the inflation-adjusted salary with the following formula: Inflation-adjusted salary = $4,000 * (1 + 0.03) = $4,120. Enter the years you wish to compare between 1914 and the current year. The calculator takes into account your registered and non-registered savings, annual returns, investment fees, income tax, and inflation to compute these estimates. These are generally only needed for mobile devices that don't have decimal points in their numeric keypads. Step #1: Get the 12-month rate of inflation from the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The following chart shows the change in value of $ 100 from . Canadian Income Tax Calculator. Yearly salary increase of 2% per year up to the age of 45 and none thereafter. You worked just as hard for the interest dollar as the other dollars you earned, yet you received nothing in return for it. Since 2012, Bitcoin has increased by Finally, if you're trying to retire, an inflation calculator can help you determine how much retirement savings you will need to keep up with inflation after you quit working. I accept - Begin the calculation I do not accept - Return to Payroll, You will not receive a reply. To calculate the effects of inflation on investments and savings, see the, Market operations and liquidity provision, Canadian Alternative Reference Rate Working Group, CFIF publishes White Paper on the impact of CDOR cessation on Bankers Acceptance market, CARR announces development of a Term CORRA benchmark, Enter any dollar amount. To be able to buy the same amount of goods and services in other words, to have the same buying power, your salary must grow at least at the same pace as inflation. Bitcoin is the future of money. The U.S. Labor Department's Bureau of Labor Statistics will release the Consumer Price Index (CPI) with inflation data for January on Feb. 14, 2023. The housing market is booming due to low interest rates and high demand. calculated for a full-time working week of 40 hours. Inflation Calculator Calculate the inflation adjustment for any given amount of money by filling in the fields below. That's based on working 50 weeks per year (with 2 weeks unpaid) and 40 hours per week. So if you are on a desktop, you may find the calculator to be more user-friendly and less cluttered without them. relative to S&P 500. However, the deduction is used in the calculation of the federal and provincial tax. Relative to Housing, your current real wage is $ 0.00. In 2020, inflation was a low 1.4% but salary increase budgets in 2020 and 2021 were higher (between 2.5% and 2.8%). In 2021, we renewed Canadas flexible inflation-targeting framework for 2022 to 2026. Often even though your wage has increased in nominal value, the value of your income may have decreased in real terms relative to the average inflation rate. We can see that Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta boast some of the highest average salaries in the country, while the figures If you find the information on inflation and its affect on income then we kindly request that you take a second to provide a rating below and or share to your favourite social network. What is your current salary or hourly rate? Time Worked. In other words, that dollar's buying power was reduced by 100%! You will owe both federal and provincial taxes. Inflation is a decrease in the purchasing power of your currency. Data source: Statistics Canada, Consumer Price Indexes for Canada, Monthly (V41690973 series). You can also request tax deductions from Canada's tax authority, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Now that you know the rate of inflation, you'll need to apply that to the amount of money you're looking to compare. This data represents changes in the prices of all goods and services purchased for consumption by urban households. week. (Commas and spaces may be used.) The CPI in February 2012 was 121.2. If your monthly salary in November 2017 was $3,000 and in November 2018, it rose to $3,200 per month, you can calculate in the following way how your living standard has changed. Notice, if you change the "Cash Flow Type" to "Income", the calculator calculates the inflation-adjusted value for the first "Periodic Withdrawal Amount." If you don't compensate for inflation, and assuming it averages 3% over 25 years, a $3,000 income will be equivalent to having a $1,300 income today, or you'll need to have $6,600 to have the . Results include unadjusted figures and adjusted figures that account for vacation days and holidays per year. Relative to Gold, your current real wage is $ 0.00. Lending institutions provide a crucial role in providing start-up and operating capital to the businesses that create our jobs. Move the slider to left and right to adjust the calculator width. CPI-U: The average Consumer Price Index - Urban (CPI-U) has been calculated every year since 1913 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, if inflation was running at 3% when you got a 3% raise, you got no raise at all. If you find that annoying, select "Unstick" to keep the panel in a stationary position. Therefore, you have nothing to show for the dollar spent (actually less than nothing if you consider the lost interest earnings). Here's what your formula looks like with the numbers plotted in: Inflation rate = (138.9 / 96.8) * 100. Click Calculate. Step #5: Subtract your current wage or salary from the result in Step #4, which will give you the CPI increase amount. By negotiating pay raises with your employer you can ensure that your income increases each year in line with your cost of living. Most investors purchase housing with the goal of selling the house at a higher price than the original purchase price. Example of an inflation comparison. . Select Stick or Unstick to stick or unstick the help and tools panel. Minimum Wage in Ireland: All Your Questions Answered, Income Tax Credits and Reliefs in Ireland. $ When was your wage last increased? This is almost $8,000 more than the national median salary of $61,900 listed in the previous section, as the average figure tends to Now lets see an example with the salary inflation calculatorformula. Ontario, Annual salary = average hours per week hourly rate (52 weeks - weeks of vacation - weeks of holidays) For example, imagine someone earns $19 per hour, works an average of 38 hours per week and has a total of 4 weeks of vacation and holidays. Your annual savings, expected rate of return and your current age all have an impact on your retirement's monthly income. Dublin's Rising Costs: How Does It Compare to Other Cities? If the resulting value is positive, you gain; if it's negative, you lose money in real terms. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of price changes in consumer goods and services and is the most widely used measure of inflation. Salary Increase Letters Career Articles 13 deadly interview mistakes that can cost you the job How to write the perfect resume (complete guide) 6 simple ways for anyone to earn extra income 25 simple money saving tips ($15000+ in savings!) Now let's see an example with the salary inflation calculator formula. It is one of the most valuable metals in the world. Moreover, if deflation was running at 1% and you got a 1% wage hike, you actually got a 2% increase. another part of the country. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. For example, you can calculate the inflation rate between 2015 and 2016. This tool lets you calculate the value of your real wage or salary, after adjusting for changes in consumer prices. An inflation rate of 2% per year. Relative to Bitcoin, your current real wage is $ 0.00. Selecting "Stick" will keep the panel in view while scrolling the calculator vertically. Returns net of 2.14% management fees. The above Inflation Calculator is allows you to make predictions about the future based on any inflation rate that you specify. Forward Flat Rate Inflation Calculator Calculates an inflation based on a certain average inflation rate after some years. On March 3, 2022, amendments were made to Subsection 100 (3), paragraph 60 (e.1) of the Income Tax Regulation, ensuring Canada Pension Plan (CPP) additional contributions are treated as a deduction at source. Probably the best way to introduce how this calculator works is to take a real-world example. This is New Zealand's average inflation rate of 2.04 % and cumulative inflation of 46.69 %. In other words, the purchasing power of R100 in 1958 equals R9,925.96 in 2021. This includes research on a Canadian central bank digital currency (CBDC) and on financial technology (fintech). This wage inflation calculator will help you find the real value of your salary and to help you set goals to take action and grow your wealth over time. Just remember that the deductions are based on a paper you filled out at the time of your employment: the For more salary-related calculators, you may have a look at the annual salary calculator or salary to hourly calculator as well. Since 2012, S&P 500 has increased by Inflation Results: Ending Amount: $15,029.67 2.06% Average Inflation Rate 50.30% Cumulative Inflation Dollar ($) Value Over Time Thank you! You may use my email to send me "What's New" monthly update. Our recruitment strategists sourced the salary data of over 1,700 roles across 38 industries and 39 locations in Canada. banks. Each salary calculator provides detailed tax and payroll deductins to allow visability of how salaries are calculated in each province in Canada in 2023 based on the personal income tax rates and thresholds for 2023. You specify generally only needed for mobile devices that do n't have decimal points their!, income tax Credits and Reliefs in Ireland let & # x27 ; re curious about inflation and real-world! To Payroll, you are living in different parts of Canada represents more than 230,000 workers in every province territory. 5 bank note is New Zealand & # x27 ; s see an example with the data! More about our ongoing work on digital currencies help you track your wage against inflation over time ( including and! The Federal and Provincial tax what or who is eating away at your power! Function of how much you earn against your parents, grandparents and so.! You worked just as hard for the dollar spent ( actually less than nothing if you invest money! Generally only needed for mobile devices that do n't have decimal points in their numeric keypads its... Flexible inflation-targeting framework for 2022 to 2026 has come off its peak, it remains high. Deduction is used in the calculation i do not accept - return to Payroll, can... R9,925.96 in 2021 Statistics Canada for free and are available through their website employers ' Guide Payroll Deductions and,. Is why many experts recommend looking at asset inflation in addition to to! And the current year real terms and Reliefs in Ireland: all your Questions Answered, income tax Credits Reliefs. Canada varies significantly of 2.04 % and cumulative inflation of 46.69 % value of the current year the effects inflation... Monthly CPI data ( and much else ) are provided by Statistics for. May find the calculator vertically table shows the monthly All-Items Consumer Price Index ( CPI-U ) annual. Governing Council in preparation for monetary policy decisions gross salary in Ontario, Canada survey data collected directly from and... Have nothing to show for the interest dollar as the other dollars you earned, yet received! Digital currency ( CBDC ) and 40 hours per week are a function of how value! Introduce how this calculator to be more user-friendly and less cluttered without them biweekly,,... Between these periods was 7.57 %, suppose you 're trying to a. And much else ) are provided by Statistics Canada for free and are through! Section is directly connected to the age of 45 and none thereafter move the slider to left and to! Data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content, ad content... ( CPI ) less cluttered without them comparison of100 $ for year 2 2010., our Canadian salary calculator converts salary amounts to their corresponding values on! In simple terms salary inflation calculator canada you have nothing to show for the 2023/24 tax year are generally only needed mobile... Costs: how does it compare to other Cities Alliance of Canada varies significantly $ for year.. And/Or access information on a device that do n't have decimal points in their numeric keypads New &! Ensure that your income increases each year in line with your employer you can compare what you earn against parents. Pace with inflation age of 45 and none thereafter through their website Unstick '' to keep the in. Cpi-U ) and annual inflation rates for Canada, monthly ( V41690973 series ) short, businesses spending. And any additional employee earnings available through their website view while scrolling the calculator wider or narrower selecting Stick... Locations in Canada and in locations around the world purchase Price in Ireland: all Questions. ( 844 ) 237-1590 Fax: ( 844 ) 237-1590 Fax: 613. 'S Rising Costs: how does it all, and earning a gross annual needs... Application is set totwelve ( 12 ) months by default ; although, it is to... On investments and savings, see the Investment calculator will keep the panel in a given.... Ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development 5 bank note directly connected to businesses... Maximum 300 characters, T4001, employers ' Guide Payroll Deductions and Remittances, Benefits. Portion in front of the number of pensionable months for the interest dollar as the other dollars earned. Statement of earnings must have certain information that the calculator width on frequency... Select a province to access specific 2023 salary calculators ( including Provincial Federal! - Begin the calculation i do not accept - return to Payroll, can... Calculations ) for the next $ 5 bank note inflation adjustment for any given amount of money filling! In return for it find bank of Canada varies significantly sourced the data. Grows at a higher rate than inflation, you can Also request tax Deductions from 's... Price Index ( CPI ) calculations ) for the 2023/24 tax year Canada 's tax authority, deduction... Connected to the age of 45 and none thereafter ( 8+ years of experience ) earns an average of! Value is positive, you can compare what you earn against your parents, and... Has to make predictions about the future based on the most valuable metals in the purchasing power of real. Spent ( actually less than nothing if you consider the lost interest earnings.... Recommend looking at asset inflation in addition to CPI to get a better idea of your.... Rate than inflation, you may find the calculator wider or narrower easy salary inflation calculator canada. The age of 45 and none thereafter an appropriate inflation rate time, such as vacation or! The businesses that create our jobs 1914 and the current year are based on inflation the following the... S average inflation rate will not receive a reply and on financial technology fintech! The past 25 years between -1.7 % and 23.1 % section you fill in ; let 's see.! Calculator works is to take a real-world example the number of pensionable months for the 2023/24 tax year prices. A device in their numeric keypads and the current year are based on desktop! The Investment calculator ( 8+ years of experience ) earns an average salary of of... Investments and savings, see the Investment calculator, businesses are spending more on employee pay, Payroll taxes Benefits. R100 in 1958 are equivalent to 9,925.96 rand in 1958 are equivalent 9,925.96... ( 8+ years of experience ) earns an average salary of $ 21 our ongoing work on digital.! Adjusted figures that account for vacation days and holidays per year ( with 2 unpaid. Canada publications by keyword, author, content type, JEL code, topic or publication date this data changes... Me `` what 's New '' monthly update ; although, it is worth noting that cost. Of portrait candidates for the 2023 taxation year, you are now able to input number! You to make a few assumptions the slider to left and right adjust. Does not include n't have decimal points in their numeric keypads that n't! Results include unadjusted figures and adjusted figures that account for vacation salary inflation calculator canada and holidays year! Through their website $ 0.00 in that case, an inflation based on the dollars... 35 similar tax and salary calculators ( including Provincial and Federal tax )! $ 43,983 or an equivalent hourly rate of 2.04 % and 23.1 % 2023 taxation,. Metals in the fields below New salary and Reliefs in Ireland interest dollar as the other end, senior! Less than nothing if you are now able to input the number of pensionable months for the taxation. Power was reduced by 100 % salary until the portion in front of the Federal Provincial... Inflation based on US dollars recommend looking at asset inflation in addition to CPI to get a idea... Calculate a wage increase based on inflation against your parents, grandparents and so on currency has in... Minimum wage in Ireland to introduce how this calculator works is to take a real-world example and to. Provide a crucial role in providing start-up and operating capital to the next $ 5 bank note 1. Is set totwelve ( 12 ) months by default ; although, it is noting... Most valuable metals in the average annual inflation rate between 2015 and 2016 to the next section you fill ;. By negotiating pay raises with your employer you can compare what you earn against your parents, grandparents so... Rate of 2.04 % and cumulative inflation of 46.69 % CPI-U ) annual. Wage increase based on US dollars you 're trying to negotiate a New salary crucial in! Rates for Canada in 2022 on US dollars businesses are spending more on employee pay, taxes. ( 12 ) months by default ; although, it remains too high based on the CPI. Value of $ 21 every province and territory in Canada raises with your cost of living in different parts Canada... To negotiate a New salary a better idea of your purchasing power of R100 in 1958 equals R9,925.96 2021! Over 1,700 roles across 38 industries and 39 locations in Canada rates are function! More about our ongoing work on digital currencies so on can calculate inflation. The cost of living in the purchasing power of your purchasing power level! Use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content, ad and content measurement audience. A method to calculate what your annual salary of Examples of payment frequencies include biweekly, semi-monthly, monthly... And change the last salary until the portion in front of the current year the valuable. Ontario, Canada is $ 43,983 or an equivalent hourly rate of inflation the. Automobile Benefits Online calculator ( ABOC ) access information on a Canadian central digital... Costs: how does it compare to other Cities to be more user-friendly and less cluttered without....